Which Products Are Obtained From Forests?

The fruits of about 30 species of oaks, a genus of the Fagaceae family that spread in Turkey, are called acorns without any distinction. However, the species from which economically important acorns are obtained are Q cerris L. (Turkish oak), Quercus ithaburensis Decne subsp. macrolepis (kotschy.) Hedge and Yalt (Acorn oak) and Q. robur (Handled oak).

Although it is the most common gentia species in our country, known as Censiyan or Küşad among the people, it has been on the verge of extinction due to erroneous and over-collecting for many years.

Stink pines, one of the two coniferous species that make the widest geographical distribution of the Pineaceae family in our country, are trees with smooth trunks, wide umbrella-like tops and thick bark.

Marshmallow, a species of the Malvaceae family, is a perennial herbaceous plant. It grows naturally in Istanbul, Samsun, Diyarbakır, Hakkari, Muş, Van, Erzincan and Muğla; Hairy marshmallow, which is used for medical purposes, is widespread in the Southern Anatolia region. This plant, which has almost the same effect as leaves, flowers and stems, is included in the composition of various chest softeners and cough syrups, especially in infusion form.

They are plants in the maquis formation in the forest area. Locally, it is also known by names such as çöğre, hackberry, gum tree, wild pistachio. In our country, on a line starting from Izmir in the Aegean Region and extending to Antalya in the Mediterranean; in the Kızılırmak and Yeşilırmak valleys in Northern Anatolia; It also grows at low altitudes in Southeastern Anatolia.

Mah lep, which is a species of Rosaceae family known as Idris among the people, is 8-10m. It has the appearance of a small tree or shrub that can grow up to 12 meters in height, rarely. In our country, they naturally spread around Ankara, Diyarbakır, Muğla, Kütahya, İstanbul, Kars, Gümüşhane. The oil obtained from mahalep seeds finds wide usage area especially in paint and pharmaceutical industry due to its important chemical properties.

Licorice root is the sub-soil dry roots and rhizomes of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. from the Fabaceae family. This rhizome and roots have a slightly sweet taste and have been known since the middle ages. Five species are grown in our country, but only one of them has medicinal value.

It is a perennial plant that can grow up to about 1 m. Lavenders, a genus of the Lamiace-ae family, have about 26 species in the world. L.angustifolia and L.stoechas L. species of lavender, which are common in the world, naturally spread around the Mediterranean and Aegean regions and Istanbul in our country.

Orchis, Ophyris, Serapias, Platanthera, Dactylorhiza etc. It is the general name given to the tubers of the species belonging to the genus. Places where it grows in Turkey: It grows in many parts of Anatolia, mostly in West, Southwest, South and North Anatolia. It contains starch, sugars, mucilage and nitrogenous substances. It is used as an anti-diarrheal, fortifying and food, especially in children. It is widely used among the people against intestinal flu, colds and cough.

Sumac, which is a genus of Anarcardia ceae family, has about 150 species on earth. Only two of these species are R.coriaria L. (leather sumac) and Cotinus coggygria Scop. (painter sumac) is a species that grows in our country and has economic value. These two species grow naturally in Adana, Antalya, Aydın, Muğla, İzmir, Bingöl, Diyarbakır, Çanakkale, Gümüşhane, Ankara, Kütahya and Trabzon regions.

Astragalus, a genus of the Fabaceae family, are annual or perennial, usually woody plants. There are about twelve Astragalus species that produce gum tragacanth, and these species grow in the mountainous regions of Turkey, Iran, the Caucasus and Afghanistan. Astragalus species that give tragacanth gum in our country are generally located at 1300-3500 m. of the Eastern and Central Anatolian steppes. located between altitudes. Tragacanth is only used in the manufacture of suspensions, tablets, lozenges, etc. in pharmacy. In addition, it is used as an adhesive in the paper industry as well as in the textile industry for finishing and giving shine to the fabric.

There are about 30 species spread over the temperate and subtropical regions of the northern hemisphere, and 3 species of T. rubra DC., T. plathyphyllos Scop. and T. tometosa Moench. It grows especially in the Northeast and North Anatolian regions of our country, as well as around Kuşadası in Western Anatolia, Kaz Mountains in the Marmara Region, and Antalya in Southern Anatolia. Its bark (in the manufacture of rope, mat, etc.), wood (in the manufacture of pencils, cutting boards, charcoal), flowers (for medical purposes and cosmetics) are the parts of the plant used. In addition, the substances in the linden shell have adhesive properties and are included in the preparations prepared against gallbladder and liver diseases.